Differences Between HIV-Related Rash and Common Rashes

Distinguishing HIV-related rashes from common rashes requires consideration of etiology, distribution, and clinical characteristics. HIV-associated rashes result from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), whereas common rashes may arise from localized skin allergies, environmental temperature changes, or other non-infectious causes. HIV-related rashes most commonly appear on the neck and may also involve the trunk; in contrast, common rashes can occur anywhere on the body. HIV-related rashes typically present as discrete, isolated, dusky-colored macules that gradually increase in number and may coalesce into confluent patches; their color is usually dark red or deep brown, and they are slightly raised. Common rashes are predominantly red, exhibit variable morphology, and—when severe—may progress to ulceration or vesicle formation.