Why does pneumonia lead to metabolic acidosis?

Metabolic acidosis in pneumonia occurs due to decreased respiratory function in the airways. Airway inflammation leads to congestion, edema of the pulmonary mucosa, and exudation of inflammatory secretions. At this point, the airway lumen becomes narrower, causing breathing obstruction and resulting in reduced ventilation and gas exchange, which in turn leads to hypoxia and respiratory acidosis. When the pH value falls below 7.10, oral sodium bicarbonate or other alkalinizing agents are required to correct the acidosis. This should be combined with potent broad-spectrum antibiotics to control inflammation and infection. Additionally, close attention must be paid to the patient's blood pressure. If hypotension occurs, volume expanders and vasopressors should be administered to stabilize vital signs and prevent shock.