What are the causes of sudden cerebral hemorrhage?

Sudden cerebral hemorrhage, also known as hemorrhagic stroke, can be classified into two categories based on etiology: primary and secondary causes. The primary cause mainly refers to hypertension-induced intracerebral hemorrhage. Hypertension leads to rupture of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in bleeding when blood escapes from the site of rupture. Secondary causes refer to cerebral hemorrhage triggered by other factors, including vascular malformations, aneurysms, coagulation disorders, anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, thrombolytic therapy, and hemorrhagic transformation following cerebral infarction. Additionally, hematological disorders, moyamoya disease, primary or metastatic brain tumors, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, vasculitis, and pregnancy may also lead to secondary cerebral hemorrhage.