What are the items included in a cardiac examination?

Cardiac examination refers to a diagnostic method that evaluates the structure and function of the heart through a series of medical tests, aiming to detect heart diseases. Cardiac examination includes, but is not limited to, the following procedures: 1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the heart's electrical activity to assess heart rhythm and conduction, detecting abnormalities such as myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias. 2. Echocardiography: Uses ultrasound waves to visualize the heart's structure and function, enabling detection of valvular heart disease, myocardial contractility, and other functional impairments. 3. Cardiac stress test: Monitors the patient's ECG during physical exercise or pharmacological stimulation to evaluate the heart's response under stress, helping identify latent heart conditions. 4. Coronary angiography: Involves injecting contrast dye into the coronary arteries to visualize blood flow and detect diseases such as coronary artery disease. 5. Myocardial perfusion imaging with radionuclides: Involves injecting radioactive isotopes to assess blood supply to the myocardium, identifying conditions like myocardial ischemia. In addition to these common cardiac tests, other examinations such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cardiac CT scans may be performed depending on the patient’s specific clinical condition.