What is albinism?

Albinism is a congenital monogenic disorder caused by gene mutations, primarily characterized by defects in melanin or melanosome biosynthesis, leading to hypopigmentation or absence of pigment in the skin, eyes, or hair. Currently, there is no specific treatment capable of fully restoring pigmentation in albinism. However, a series of measures can be adopted to alleviate symptoms and discomfort, including general management such as avoiding prolonged sun exposure and using sun protection; pharmacological treatments, such as anti-inflammatory medications to relieve skin discomfort; physical therapies, including laser therapy and ultraviolet irradiation; and surgical interventions, such as skin grafting. In addition, psychological support is also important to help patients manage negative emotions.