The Difference Between Albinism and Vitiligo

Differences between Albinism and Vitiligo: 1. Etiology: Albinism is a genetic disorder primarily caused by mutations in genes encoding key enzymes involved in melanin synthesis. Patients have normal quantity and morphology of melanocytes, but experience impaired melanin production. In contrast, vitiligo is associated with genetic factors, autoimmune dysfunction, and environmental influences. It is an acquired autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack the body's own melanocytes, leading to destruction of melanocytes and inhibition of melanin production. 2. Symptoms: Albinism typically manifests at birth, affecting the skin, eyes, and hair throughout the body. It is characterized by reduced pigmentation of the skin and hair, sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, and possible ocular symptoms such as decreased vision and nystagmus. Vitiligo usually develops during adolescence or adulthood, primarily presenting as localized areas of depigmented patches with varying shapes on the skin. It generally does not affect the entire body surface or involve the eyes. 3. Treatment: Currently, there is no effective treatment for albinism; management focuses on physical protection to reduce ultraviolet damage to the skin and eyes, along with symptomatic drug therapy. In contrast, vitiligo can be treated by various methods including medication and surgical interventions, and some patients may even achieve complete recovery.