How to differentiate cervical polyps and cervical cancer based on clinical manifestations?

When differentiating the clinical manifestations of cervical polyps and cervical cancer, consideration can be given to the following aspects: 1. Bleeding patterns: Cervical polyps may cause contact bleeding, such as postcoital bleeding, but the amount is usually small. In contrast, bleeding associated with cervical cancer tends to be more irregular, manifesting as prolonged menstrual periods, increased menstrual flow, or postmenopausal irregular bleeding, often with a larger volume. 2. Changes in vaginal discharge: Cervical polyps may lead to increased discharge, typically mucoid or clear in appearance, sometimes accompanied by itching. In cervical cancer, discharge may be white or blood-tinged, watery or rice-water-like in consistency, and often has a foul, fishy odor. 3. Associated symptoms: Cervical polyps may cause menstrual disorders or abnormal vaginal bleeding. In advanced cervical cancer, patients may develop secondary symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, rectal pressure, and even systemic signs of exhaustion including anemia and cachexia. 4. Pain presentation: Larger or long-standing cervical polyps may cause lower abdominal pain. In cervical cancer, pain is typically associated with contact bleeding.