What does a female gynecological examination include?

A female gynecological examination includes several key components designed to ensure reproductive health. Routine gynecological exams involve visual and manual inspection (inspection and palpation) of the vulva, vagina, and cervix to identify any abnormal growths or signs of inflammation. A routine vaginal discharge test evaluates vaginal pH, cleanliness, and microbial conditions to detect possible infections. Ultrasound imaging allows assessment of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes for abnormalities such as masses or fluid accumulation. Cervical screening tests, including cervical TCT (thin-prep cytology test) and HPV testing, are used to detect cervical lesions. Sex hormone panel testing (six-item gonadal function test) helps evaluate endocrine disorders, such as irregular menstruation. These examinations aim to facilitate early detection and treatment of gynecological conditions, thereby maintaining women's health.