Clinical symptoms of ureteral stones

The clinical symptoms of ureteral stones mainly include: 1. Pain: Approximately 90% of patients experience pain, primarily manifesting as colicky pain in the flank or upper abdomen. The pain may occur in paroxysmal episodes and can be accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. 2. Hematuria: Most patients develop hematuria; gross hematuria is relatively rare, while microscopic hematuria is more common. 3. Bladder irritative symptoms: When a stone becomes lodged at the ureterovesical junction, it may cause symptoms of bladder irritation, including urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. 4. Hydronephrosis: Ureteral stones may cause obstruction, leading to ipsilateral hydronephrosis. Prolonged hydronephrosis can result in impaired renal function. Additionally, if infection is present, systemic signs of infection such as high fever and chills may occur. The presence and severity of these symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the stone, as well as individual patient differences.