What are the clinical symptoms of melasma?

Melasma is a common facial skin pigmentation disorder, particularly prevalent among women of childbearing age. Its main clinical manifestation is the appearance of light brown to dark brown pigmented patches on the face. These patches are usually symmetrically distributed on the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin, with clear or diffuse borders. There is no local inflammation or scaling, and most patients are asymptomatic. The color of the melasma patches may vary with factors such as hormonal changes and sun exposure. Additionally, in some patients, melasma may gradually fade after childbirth or after discontinuation of oral contraceptives. However, the course of the condition is unpredictable for most patients and may last for several months or even years. These symptoms not only affect the patient's physical appearance but may also have a certain impact on their mental health. Therefore, sufficient attention should be given to the treatment and prevention of melasma.