What is uveitis?

Uveitis refers to a group of conditions involving the uveal tract of the eye, which consists of three parts: the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Inflammation is the most common manifestation, known as uveitis, which can be further classified into anterior uveitis (iritis or iridocyclitis) and posterior uveitis (choroiditis). The etiology of uveitis is complex and can be categorized as exogenous, secondary, or endogenous; it is now largely considered an autoimmune disorder. Clinically, uveitis presents in two forms—non-granulomatous and granulomatous—differing in disease course, prognosis, and recurrence rate. In addition to inflammation, uveal diseases also include cysts, tumors, and congenital abnormalities. Treatment primarily involves medication tailored to the specific cause, such as mydriatics, corticosteroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; surgical intervention may occasionally be necessary. Uveitis predominantly affects young and middle-aged adults over 30 years old and can be triggered by various factors, including colds and excessive fatigue. Prompt treatment with appropriate medications is essential when the condition significantly impacts daily life.