What does it mean when there is a black spot on the white part of the eye?

Black spots appearing on the white part of the eye (sclera) are usually caused by pigmentation. This pigmentation may be physiological, such as naturally occurring pigment spots on the sclera, which are generally harmless and do not require special treatment. However, black spots can also be pathological, such as scleral nevi or scleral melanoma. Although these conditions are relatively rare, they may be accompanied by other symptoms such as decreased vision or eye pain. Therefore, once a black spot is noticed on the white of the eye, it is advisable to closely monitor any changes in its size, color, or shape. If the spot is associated with discomfort or undergoes noticeable changes, prompt medical attention should be sought for evaluation and treatment by a professional ophthalmologist.