What are the causes of carpal tunnel syndrome?

The causes of carpal tunnel syndrome mainly include the following aspects: 1. Extrinsic compression: Although the transverse carpal ligament is strong, external pressure on the surface of the carpal tunnel is uncommon but still a potential cause. 2. Reduction of the carpal tunnel space: The transverse carpal ligament may thicken due to endocrine disorders or post-traumatic scarring. Wrist fractures, dislocations, and similar injuries can also lead to narrowing of the carpal tunnel. 3. Increased content or volume within the tunnel: Space-occupying lesions such as ganglion cysts, schwannomas, or lipomas in the carpal tunnel may elevate intracarpal pressure, leading to median nerve compression. 4. Occupational factors: Individuals who frequently exert excessive force on their wrists—such as carpenters and cooks—are prone to chronic injury of the median nerve. 5. Systemic factors: Systemic conditions such as diabetes, alcohol intoxication, infections, and gout, as well as specific physiological states like pregnancy or oral contraceptive use, may also contribute to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. The specific cause should be determined based on individual circumstances.