What are the clinical manifestations of kidney cancer patients?

The clinical manifestations of kidney cancer are diverse, with the three most common symptoms being hematuria, pain, and a palpable mass. Specifically: 1. **Hematuria**: Painless, intermittent gross hematuria is commonly seen in patients with kidney cancer, occurring in more than half of cases. The degree of hematuria is unrelated to the tumor size and may persist for weeks or months, sometimes accompanied by blood clots. 2. **Pain**: Pain in the flank or upper abdomen is another common symptom of kidney cancer, often presenting as persistent dull pain. It may result from tumor growth, increased tension in the renal capsule, or invasion of surrounding tissues. Severe pain can occur when the tumor invades nerves or the lumbar spine. 3. **Mass**: Some kidney cancer patients may present with a palpable mass in the flank or upper abdomen, typically firm and irregular in surface. The presence of such a mass often indicates advanced disease. If any of the above symptoms occur, timely medical consultation and professional evaluation and treatment are recommended.