How to interpret immunohistochemistry results

When reviewing immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, the following aspects should be considered: 1. **Patient Basic Information**: Verify the patient's name, age, gender, and other basic information to ensure the report corresponds to the correct patient. 2. **Examination Date and Pathological Images**: Pay attention to the examination date to understand the progression of the disease. Additionally, observe the pathological images, which provide visual information for assessing the lesion. 3. **Immunohistochemical Markers**: IHC reports often use English abbreviations to denote markers. Negative results are typically indicated by "−", while positive results are indicated by "+", with more "+" signs indicating higher expression. Specific markers include CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), NSE (neuron-specific enolase), and Ki-67 (a marker of cell proliferation). Positive results for these markers may suggest specific tumor types or characteristics. 4. **Comprehensive Analysis**: Immunohistochemical testing is a relatively qualitative method. The results should be interpreted in conjunction with the clinical context and other diagnostic findings to assess the patient's condition comprehensively.