What are the causes of ovarian cancer?

The causes of ovarian cancer are relatively complex and result from the combined effects of multiple factors. Among them, genetic factors are an important component, with individuals having a family history of ovarian cancer at higher risk; approximately 20–25% of ovarian cancer patients have a family history. Additionally, changes in hormone levels may also increase the risk of ovarian cancer, especially abnormal levels of estrogen and androgen. Environmental factors cannot be ignored either, including high dietary cholesterol and long-term exposure to ionizing radiation. Personal lifestyle habits, such as smoking, high-fat diets, and lack of physical activity, are also considered related to the development of ovarian cancer. Moreover, psychological factors such as chronic stress and anxiety may affect the endocrine system and thereby increase the risk of ovarian cancer.