What is recurrent aphthous stomatitis?

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, also known as recurrent aphthous ulcers or recurrent oral ulcers, is the most common type of oral mucosal disease. This condition is characterized by recurrent, round or oval ulcers on the oral mucosa, and exhibits periodicity, recurrence, and self-limiting features. The etiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis is complex and involves immune factors, genetic factors, systemic diseases, infectious agents, and environmental factors. Minor aphthous ulcers are small and isolated, typically lasting 1–2 weeks before healing spontaneously. Major aphthous ulcers are large and deep, accompanied by severe pain that may persist for several months and may leave scars after healing. Herpetiform aphthous ulcers are multiple small ulcers, sometimes numbering in the dozens, with significant pain but no scarring after healing. Although the effectiveness of treatment for recurrent oral ulcers is limited due to unclear etiology, symptoms can still be alleviated and healing promoted through medications and other interventions. If you have any concerns, please consult a relevant physician.