Common Causes of Recurrent Oral Ulcers

The causes of recurrent aphthous ulcers are complex and multifactorial, mainly including genetic, immune, psychological, dietary, traumatic, and other factors. Genetic predisposition makes individuals carrying susceptible genes more prone to the condition. When immunity is compromised, such as in cases of excessive fatigue, cold exposure, or patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the incidence of oral ulcers increases. Psychological stress, long-term depression, tension, anxiety, and other negative emotions can disrupt endocrine function and normal metabolism, thereby triggering oral ulcers. Regarding diet, long-term selective eating or picky eating leading to vitamin and trace element deficiencies, or consistent consumption of spicy, hard, or irritating foods that directly irritate the oral mucosa, are also common causes. In addition, traumatic factors within the oral cavity, such as residual tooth roots or substandard dentures, as well as systemic diseases such as gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers, may also lead to recurrent oral ulcers. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of oral ulcers require a comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, adjustment of lifestyle habits, and maintenance of physical and mental health.