What is Rhabdomyolysis?

Rhabdomyolysis is a condition characterized by self-dissolution of skeletal muscles (mainly striated muscles) following muscle damage. Common causes include medications, toxins, excessive physical exertion, ischemia, and hypoxia. In nephrology, this condition often occurs after strenuous exercise, leading to the release of hemoglobin and myoglobin into the bloodstream, which can subsequently cause kidney damage. Specific symptoms include muscle pain, tenderness, swelling, and weakness; urine may appear tea-colored or like red wine. Additionally, approximately one-third of patients may develop acute kidney failure, manifesting as oliguria or anuria. Diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis requires integration of medical history, clinical presentation, and laboratory tests, such as markedly elevated levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin. During treatment, protecting renal function is the primary priority.