Common Etiology of Recurrent Oral Ulcers

Recurrent aphthous ulceration is a common oral mucosal disease with complex and diverse etiology. Common causes mainly include immune dysfunction, such as abnormal cellular and humoral immune responses, which make the oral mucosa susceptible to damage. Additionally, genetic factors also play a certain role, as recurrent aphthous ulcers show a clear familial inheritance pattern. Environmental factors, such as life stress, work pressure, and mental tension, can also trigger recurrent episodes of oral ulcers. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in B vitamins and trace elements, are also considered important contributing factors to recurrent aphthous ulcers. Infectious agents and oral trauma, such as ill-fitting restorations or sharp tooth cusps, may also lead to recurrent oral ulcers. Therefore, in treating recurrent aphthous ulcers, in addition to symptomatic therapy, attention should also be given to regulating the immune system, supplementing nutrition, maintaining oral hygiene, and reducing irritation to the oral mucosa caused by environmental factors.