What is the function of the adrenal glands?
Disease description:
This year, I went for a routine physical examination. The ultrasound results found an adrenal cyst. The doctor said it was a benign cyst, told me to go home and monitor it, and required me to have regular follow-up exams. May I ask, what is the function of the adrenal glands?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Yang Ziqi
The main functions of the adrenal glands include the following:
1. **Regulation of metabolism**: By secreting glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, they regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as well as the metabolism of electrolytes and water-salt balance.
2. **Maintenance of electrolyte balance**: Hormones such as aldosterone promote sodium retention and potassium excretion, helping to maintain electrolyte balance and reduce excessive fluid retention in the body.
3. **Enhancement of immunity**: Catecholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla participate in immune regulation and promote the resolution of inflammatory responses.
4. **Regulation of sex hormones**: Androgens and estrogens secreted by the adrenal cortex play important roles in the development of sex organs and the formation of reproductive cells, maintaining normal reproductive function.
5. **Participation in stress response**: During stress, epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal medulla rapidly increase heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, providing the body with energy and resources to cope with emergencies.
