What causes a stye (hordeolum) on the eye?

A stye, also known as hordeolum, is usually caused by a bacterial infection in the meibomian glands at the edge of the eyelid or the sebaceous glands near the eyelash follicles. When these glands become blocked, they lead to localized redness, swelling, pain, and induration. The most common causative bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus. Factors that may lead to styes include: 1. Poor hygiene habits: For example, touching the eyes with unclean hands, or using expired or shared eye cosmetics. 2. Refractive errors: Prolonged wear of contact lenses, especially improper fitting or inadequate cleaning of the lenses, increases the risk of infection. 3. Weakened immune system: Fatigue, stress, or illness can lower the body's resistance, making infection more likely. 4. Eye diseases: Chronic conditions such as conjunctivitis or blepharitis may predispose an individual to developing a stye. Note that if symptoms persist or are accompanied by fever or vision loss, prompt medical attention is advised.