What is plasma?

Plasma is the liquid component of blood, accounting for about 55% of total blood volume. It mainly consists of water, proteins, electrolytes (such as sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, etc.), small organic molecules (such as glucose, amino acids, urea, etc.), various nutrients other than plasma proteins, hormones, enzymes, growth factors, antibodies, and more. The primary functions of plasma include carrying blood cells, transporting substances necessary for sustaining life activities, and removing metabolic waste products from the body. Additionally, plasma helps maintain the body's metabolism and balance between internal and external environments. As an important component of body fluids, plasma contains multiple buffer systems that help maintain the acid-base balance of the blood. Plasma also plays a significant role in the processes of blood coagulation and anticoagulation.