Is there a relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding and melasma on the face?

There may be a certain relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding and the presence of melasma on the face, but this association is not absolutely clear. On one hand, heavy menstrual flow may be related to endocrine disorders, which are also a key contributing factor in the development of melasma. Particularly when heavy menstruation is caused by blood stasis or liver qi stagnation according to TCM syndrome differentiation, it may increase the risk of developing facial melasma. On the other hand, the formation of melasma is also influenced by multiple factors such as genetics, ultraviolet radiation, medications, diseases, and malnutrition. Therefore, the relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding and facial melasma cannot be generalized and must be evaluated comprehensively based on individual circumstances and a clinician's diagnosis. If facing such an issue, prompt medical consultation is recommended.