What are the symptoms of cold uterus (gong han)?

Cold uterus (Gong Han) is a concept in traditional Chinese medicine that refers to a range of symptoms caused by cold invading the female uterus. The main symptoms are as follows: Women with Gong Han often experience irregular menstruation, including unstable menstrual cycles, abnormal menstrual flow (such as excessive or scanty bleeding), pale or dark-colored menstrual blood, and possible presence of blood clots. At the same time, abdominal pain and lower back pain are common symptoms, which may worsen during menstruation, manifesting as cold, cramping, or stabbing pain in the abdomen and cold, sore, weak pain in the lower back. In addition, Gong Han may also lead to infertility or miscarriage, as cold pathogens invading the uterus can affect the normal shedding of the endometrium and embryo implantation. Furthermore, women with Gong Han often feel cold easily, especially in the limbs, waist, and back, and may still feel cold even when wearing multiple layers of clothing. Other possible symptoms include frequent and urgent urination, decreased libido, pale complexion, and a white, greasy tongue coating. The above symptoms may vary among individuals. If related symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical attention and follow the doctor's advice for treatment.