Are flat warts caused by HPV infection? Can they be treated?

Flat warts are caused by HPV infection and can be treated. Flat warts are benign skin growths resulting from infection of the skin and mucous membranes by human papillomavirus (HPV). They are usually caused by certain low-risk HPV types (such as subtypes 2, 3, 4, 10, 28, 41, 65, etc.). This skin condition commonly affects adolescents and typically occurs on areas of the skin subject to friction, such as the face, back of the hands, and forearms. It presents as flat, elevated papules that are higher than the surrounding normal skin, with variable coloration, and may be distributed linearly along scratch marks. There are various treatment options for flat warts, including physical therapies (e.g., cryotherapy, laser therapy), topical drug treatments (such as imiquimod cream, fluorouracil ointment), and immunotherapy. Physical therapy is the first-line treatment and can effectively remove warts. For patients who are unwilling to undergo physical therapy or have smaller warts, topical medications or immunotherapy may be selected. Treatment for flat warts should be performed under a doctor's guidance to avoid self-treatment that may lead to worsening of the condition or transmission.