What are the clinical manifestations of allergic urticaria?

The clinical manifestations of allergic urticaria are diverse, mainly including: 1. Skin symptoms: Patients develop red or pink papules and edema on the skin, accompanied by intense itching. These rashes may appear as wheals, varying in size and shape—such as round, oval, or irregular—and may occur singly or coalesce into patches. Some patients may also develop deep skin edema, even affecting joints and muscles, causing severe pain. 2. Systemic symptoms: Some patients may experience systemic symptoms simultaneously with skin manifestations, such as chills, fever, excessive sweating, dizziness, nausea, headache, joint pain, and fatigue. In severe cases, patients may develop respiratory symptoms such as tachypnea, shortness of breath, and asthma, or even anaphylactic shock, presenting as palpitations, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, and decreased blood pressure. 3. Special type symptoms: Depending on the type of allergic urticaria, certain specific symptoms may also occur. For example, patients with cold-induced urticaria may develop localized skin edema and wheals after cold exposure; patients with dermographism may develop linear wheals consistent with the scratch marks after scratching the skin. 4. Recurrent episodes: Allergic urticaria may recur repeatedly, with unpredictable onset and duration. This requires patients to avoid contact with allergens in daily life to reduce disease recurrence.