What are the common causes of kidney stones?

The causes of kidney stone formation are complex and diverse, primarily including the following factors: 1. Climate and environmental factors: In hot weather, increased perspiration leads to concentrated urine, which can easily result in kidney stone formation. 2. Water intake factors: Poor water quality or insufficient water consumption causes concentrated urine, increasing the risk of kidney stones. 3. Dietary factors: Excessive intake of high-fat, high-protein, and high-oxalate foods, such as spinach, soy products, and animal offal, may easily lead to kidney stone formation. 4. Genetic factors: Hereditary genes may influence the occurrence of kidney stones. 5. Metabolic abnormalities: Metabolic disorders such as hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia increase the excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid in urine, leading to stone formation. 6. Disease-related factors: Conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, gout, and fractures can elevate urinary calcium levels, increasing the risk of stone formation. 7. Medication factors: Certain medications, such as ceftriaxone, may induce kidney stone formation.