Children with intellectual disabilities may exhibit the following characteristics:

Intellectual disability, also known as intellectual impairment or delayed intellectual development, refers to significantly below-average intellectual functioning in children during the early developmental stage—that is, before age 18—alongside difficulties in adaptive behavior. Below are some common manifestations of intellectual disability: 1. Delayed cognitive development: The child experiences delays in areas such as language, memory, attention, problem-solving, and learning abilities. He or she may encounter difficulties understanding complex concepts, acquiring new skills, or following instructions. 2. Limited adaptive behavior: Limitations exist in daily living skills, including self-care, social skills, communication, and self-management abilities. For example, children with intellectual disability may require more assistance to complete basic life tasks such as dressing and eating. 3. Language and communication disorders: Children with intellectual disability may experience delays in language development, including late talking, limited vocabulary, simple grammatical structures, and poor comprehension and expressive abilities. 4. Difficulties in social interaction: These children may face challenges in forming relationships with peers and participating in social activities. This may manifest as difficulty understanding social rules, trouble expressing emotions, or feeling isolated within a group. 5. Emotional and behavioral problems: Children with intellectual disability may be more prone to emotional fluctuations, anxiety, depression, or behavioral issues such as impulsivity, aggression, or self-injurious behavior. These problems may be related to their cognitive limitations and social challenges.