What does it mean to have plaques in the arteries?

Atherosclerotic plaque, commonly referred to in medical terms as an atherosclerotic plaque, represents the core pathological change in atherosclerotic disease. These plaques can cause vascular narrowing or blockage, thus affecting normal blood flow. The formation of atherosclerotic plaques is a chronic process closely associated with risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. Atherosclerotic plaques can occur not only in the coronary arteries, causing coronary artery disease, but also in cerebral vessels, leading to stroke; or in the arteries of the lower limbs, causing symptoms such as intermittent claudication. Long-term inflammatory responses and the action of cytokines can further exacerbate plaque progression. Patients may experience symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath, especially after physical activity. Other symptoms may include palpitations, syncope, and leg swelling. Treatment options include medication and surgical intervention, depending on the severity and location of the plaque. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking, is recommended to help prevent the development of atherosclerotic plaques.