What kind of disease is cholera?
Disease description:
My husband will be going to Africa for a period of work this year. I heard that cholera is particularly severe there. I haven't heard much about this disease before. Could you please explain what cholera is?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Cholera is an acute intestinal infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae (O1 or O139 serogroup). It is characterized by sudden onset and rapid transmission, primarily manifesting as diarrhea and vomiting. In severe cases, circulatory failure and renal failure may occur, and delayed treatment can lead to death.
The clinical presentation includes severe diarrhea and vomiting, with rapid development of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and even shock in severe cases. Without timely treatment, the mortality rate is extremely high. Vibrio cholerae enters the human body through undercooked seafood, contaminated fruits, vegetables, and other foods, causing disease.
The treatment principles for cholera include fluid replacement, antibiotic therapy, and symptomatic management to prevent serious complications such as circulatory failure and shock. Cholera mainly affects developing countries. Therefore, preventive measures, such as ensuring the cleanliness and safety of water and food supplies, can reduce the risk of infection.
Once a suspected case is identified, immediate isolation and administration of fluid replacement and antibiotic therapy should be implemented, while environmental disinfection should be conducted to prevent disease spread. In endemic areas, vaccination is also an effective preventive measure.
