What are the pathological characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis?
Disease description:
My family member has suffered from rheumatoid arthritis for many years. It is very painful during each flare-up. I would like to ask about its pathological characteristics.
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Yang Tiesheng
The pathological characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis primarily involve lesions of the joints and their surrounding tissues and may be accompanied by systemic symptoms. The specific pathological features are as follows:
1. Synovial inflammation: Proliferation of synovial cells leads to the formation of pannus, which invades cartilage and bone, resulting in joint destruction.
2. Lymphocyte infiltration: Large clusters of lymphocytes can be observed within the synovial tissue; these participate in immune reactions and produce autoantibodies.
3. Angiogenesis: Inflammation stimulates vascular proliferation within the synovium, promoting infiltration of inflammatory cells and mediators, thereby exacerbating joint damage.
4. Skin manifestations: During episodes of joint pain, ring-shaped red rashes or subcutaneous nodules may appear on the skin surface. These skin lesions may be associated with the pathological processes of rheumatoid arthritis.
5. Extra-articular manifestations: Medium and small arteries and veins throughout the body may be affected, leading to vascular narrowing or occlusion. Rheumatoid arthritis can also cause multi-system involvement, such as pericarditis, endocarditis, skin pathology changes, kidney lesions, and others.
Note: If pain intensifies, prompt medical treatment at a hospital is necessary.
