Aplastic Anemia Etiology

Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by a reduction in hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, leading to decreased levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The main causes include the following aspects:

1. Immune factors: Abnormal autoimmune responses attack and destroy hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.

2. Genetic factors: Some cases may be associated with genetic defects.

3. Environmental factors: Long-term exposure to chemicals, certain medications, radiation, and other agents can damage bone marrow hematopoietic function.

4. Viral infections: Hepatitis virus may be associated with the development of aplastic anemia; viral infections may impair bone marrow hematopoietic function.

5. Genetic factors: Some patients with aplastic anemia may have congenital genetic defects in hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in abnormal bone marrow hematopoiesis.

6. Immune abnormalities: Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus may cause damage to bone marrow hematopoietic function, leading to aplastic anemia.