What causes osteomyelitis?
Disease description:
A friend has diabetes and accidentally got a small cut on his hand. How can the wound be prevented from worsening and leading to osteomyelitis? What causes osteomyelitis?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Xu Shuai
Osteomyelitis is a bone disease caused by infection with bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. Common causative bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Escherichia coli. There are mainly three routes of infection:
1. Hematogenous spread: Bacteria spread through the bloodstream from infection sites elsewhere in the body to the bone.
2. Direct infection: Open fractures, surgical incisions, and puncture wounds can all provide pathways for bacteria to enter the bone. When these injuries are not promptly treated, persistent or recurrent infections and inflammation may lead to osteomyelitis.
3. Spread from adjacent tissues: Infections from muscles or joints can extend to the bone, thereby causing osteomyelitis.
A weakened immune system decreases the body's resistance to bacteria and increases the risk of developing osteomyelitis. Therefore, individuals with weakened immunity and patients with diabetes are considered high-risk groups. These individuals should maintain good personal hygiene, promptly treat infections, avoid unnecessary surgeries and injuries, and manage their underlying diabetes. If symptoms of osteomyelitis occur, immediate medical evaluation and treatment at a hospital are necessary.
