What is sporadic encephalitis?

Sporadic encephalitis, also known as non-specific encephalitis or sporadic viral encephalitis, is a non-epidemic, non-immune-mediated inflammation of the brain parenchyma. Its causes may include infections with various pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, as well as autoimmune reactions.

Patients may experience symptoms such as headache, fever, impaired consciousness, cognitive decline, epileptic seizures, and movement disorders. Diagnosing sporadic encephalitis typically requires a comprehensive evaluation including medical history, physical examination, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and the exclusion of other potential causes.

Treatment is formulated according to the specific cause and may include antiviral agents, antibiotics, antifungal drugs, corticosteroids, or immunomodulatory agents. For autoimmune-related sporadic encephalitis, immunotherapy may be crucial. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can help improve prognosis.