How is synovitis with fluid accumulation treated?
Disease description:
The knee feels uncomfortable; after going to the hospital for examination, it was found to be synovitis with joint effusion. How should it be treated?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Chen Jian
Joint effusion due to synovitis typically refers to fluid accumulation within the joint cavity caused by inflammatory reactions of the synovial membrane. It commonly occurs in large joints such as the knee and hip. The following principles should be followed in treating joint effusion caused by synovitis:
1. Etiological treatment: The underlying cause of synovitis must be identified, such as infection, trauma, or rheumatic diseases, and treated accordingly. If caused by bacterial infection, antibiotics are required; if due to rheumatoid arthritis, anti-rheumatic medications may be needed.
2. Mild effusion: Conservative treatment can be adopted, including rest, alternating cold and heat compresses to promote blood circulation, combined with physical therapies such as magnetothermal therapy and ultrashort wave therapy. Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as celecoxib, may also be used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
3. Moderate to severe effusion: When significant fluid accumulation is present, joint aspiration can be performed to remove the fluid, followed by intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate to protect the articular cartilage. If conservative treatment proves ineffective, arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery to remove the inflamed synovial tissue may be considered. Functional exercises are necessary after surgery.
4. Rest and activity: Appropriate rest is important to avoid activities that place excessive strain on the joint. At the same time, suitable joint function exercises should be performed to maintain joint mobility and prevent muscle atrophy.
