What is Bell's palsy?

Bell's palsy, also known as idiopathic facial nerve paralysis or peripheral facial paralysis, is an acute inflammatory disorder of the facial nerve caused by damage to the facial nerve nucleus or the facial nerve itself.

Main symptoms include impaired facial muscle movement, such as the inability to furrow the brow, close the eyes, or smile, resulting in a stiff and asymmetrical facial appearance; drooping of the mouth corner, leading to leakage of fluid during speaking, eating, or drinking; incomplete eyelid closure, which may increase the risk of eye dryness and infection; and loss of forehead wrinkles. Bell's palsy is usually triggered by viral infections, such as herpes zoster virus, and may also be associated with genetic factors, immune disorders, or other precipitating causes.

Diagnosis of Bell's palsy typically requires neurophysiological testing. Doctors may also recommend brain MRI or CT scans. Treatment aims to improve local blood circulation, reduce facial nerve edema, relieve nerve compression, and promote functional recovery of the nerve. Commonly used treatment approaches include pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and rehabilitation therapy.