What causes muscle twitching during sleep?

Convulsions that occur during sleep are commonly referred to as "sleep starts" or "nocturnal myoclonus." This phenomenon happens when one is about to enter the sleep state, manifesting as sudden involuntary twitching of body parts, sometimes accompanied by a slight sensation of waking up. In most cases, these convulsions are harmless and do not require special treatment. They might be related to the following factors:

1. Mental stress: When the body is under significant mental stress for a prolonged period, the nerves in the brain may remain tense, leading to convulsions during sleep.

2. Calcium deficiency: A substantial loss of calcium in the body, especially when calcium levels are low, may cause abnormal muscle spasms, triggering convulsions during sleep.

3. Lack of exercise and poor physical condition: These factors may also lead to decreased muscular control, resulting in convulsions.

4. Effects of caffeine and nicotine: Excessive intake of stimulants such as caffeine or nicotine may interfere with normal sleep patterns and cause convulsions.

5. Hypocalcemia: Related to disorders of vitamin D metabolism, hypoparathyroidism, chronic renal failure, and other conditions, typical symptoms include muscle spasms and cramps in the hands and feet.

6. Periodic paralysis: Caused by genetic factors or abnormal potassium (K+) metabolism, episodes may present with signs of rigidity and stiffness of the hand muscles.

Other factors, such as brain disorders and medication effects, may also lead to convulsions during sleep. Therefore, if this symptom occurs frequently, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly.