How to treat avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, also known as ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, is a common bone disease primarily caused by reduced or interrupted blood supply to the femoral head, leading to bone cell death.

1. Non-surgical treatment: For early or mild cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, non-surgical treatment options are available. These include using crutches to reduce joint loading and avoiding strenuous activities to prevent disease progression. Physical therapies, such as ultrasound and electrical stimulation, can improve blood circulation and alleviate pain. Additionally, medications such as analgesics and anticoagulants may be used to manage symptoms and prevent thrombosis.

2. Core decompression: This procedure is primarily used for early-stage patients, aiming to promote bone repair by reducing intraosseous pressure within the femoral head.

3. Bone grafting: Healthy bone tissue is transplanted into the necrotic area to support the femoral head and promote bone regeneration.

4. Osteotomy: This involves altering the load distribution between the femoral head and acetabulum to reduce pressure on the femoral head and delay disease progression.

5. Joint replacement: For patients with advanced avascular necrosis of the femoral head and severe joint dysfunction, total hip arthroplasty is an effective method for restoring joint function.