How is an induced abortion performed?

Induced labor, medically referred to as labor induction, is a medical procedure used to terminate pregnancy prematurely due to health concerns affecting either the mother or the fetus during pregnancy. The methods used for induced labor vary depending on the stage of pregnancy.

If the induced labor occurs in the early stage of pregnancy, usually before 12 weeks gestation, medication-induced abortion is commonly used. This involves taking specific medications, such as mifepristone and misoprostol, to induce uterine contractions and thereby cause miscarriage. This method is relatively simple and safe, but must be conducted under a physician's supervision.

In the case of induced labor during the middle or late stages of pregnancy, that is, after 12 weeks gestation and before full term, more varied methods may be required. The physician may administer oxytocin or prostaglandin drugs via intra-amniotic injection to stimulate uterine contractions and promote cervical ripening and dilation. Mechanical methods, such as inserting cervical dilators, may also be used to assist cervical softening and dilation. Once the cervix has reached a certain level of readiness, the physician will facilitate contractions to expel the fetus and placenta.

Prior to beginning the induced labor procedure, an ultrasound examination is necessary to assess fetal size and uterine condition. Baseline tests such as electrocardiography (ECG) and biochemical laboratory tests are also performed to ensure the patient's physical condition is suitable for the procedure. During the selected labor induction method, the patient must assume a specific position, such as the lithotomy or supine position, and undergo routine disinfection of the external genitalia and vagina. Depending on the chosen method of induction, the physician will perform corresponding procedures such as vaginal dilation, cervical exposure, drug injection, or placement of a Foley catheter. After the procedure, the patient's physical condition, especially bleeding status, must be closely observed to ensure no serious complications occur. Additionally, the patient should focus on rest, personal hygiene, and nutritional support post-procedure to promote recovery.