Functions of Thyroid Hormones

Thyroid hormones, mainly including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), play important roles in the human body. Secreted primarily by the thyroid gland, these hormones regulate metabolism, growth and development, as well as nervous system activities.

Thyroid hormones enhance the oxidation rate of cells, promote the oxidative breakdown of substances, and thereby strengthen energy metabolism and thermogenic effects, helping the body maintain normal body temperature. Additionally, thyroid hormones are essential for growth and development, particularly during infancy, where they play a decisive role in the development of bones, the brain, and reproductive organs. Deficiency during this period can lead to serious conditions such as cretinism. Regarding the nervous system, thyroid hormones increase the excitability of the central nervous system and promote the development and maturation of the nervous system, making bodily responses more sensitive.

By precisely regulating physiological activities, thyroid hormones ensure coordinated functioning across all body systems, maintaining internal stability and health.