What is ovarian rupture?

Ovarian rupture usually refers to the rupture of an ovarian cyst or follicle during ovulation. It is a common gynecological emergency, occurring most frequently in women of childbearing age. Ovarian cyst rupture may result from cyst enlargement, torsion, or external impact. After rupture, the contents of the cyst, such as blood or fluid, may spill into the abdominal cavity, causing severe lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. In severe cases, shock may even occur.

Ovarian rupture is a relatively serious condition in gynecology and is mainly divided into two categories: spontaneous rupture and traumatic rupture.

Spontaneous rupture can occur due to conditions such as appendicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or long-term vaginal douching, which cause ovarian congestion and subsequent rupture under increased abdominal pressure. Changes in ovarian function, such as prolonged exposure to cold environments, extended hot baths or sauna use, and long-term administration of estrogen and progestin, can also alter ovarian function and increase the risk of rupture.

Traumatic rupture can be caused by intense physical activities such as jumping or running, which may increase abdominal pressure and lead to ovarian rupture. Additionally, rough sexual intercourse, during which the male's movements are too forceful or the female's lower abdomen sustains a strong impact, may also cause ovarian rupture.

Follicular rupture during ovulation is a normal physiological process. However, excessive pressure within the follicle may sometimes cause significant pain. If symptoms of ovarian rupture occur, prompt medical attention is necessary.