Can chronic osteomyelitis turn into bone cancer?

Chronic osteomyelitis generally does not directly transform into bone cancer.

Chronic osteomyelitis is a long-term bone infection primarily caused by bacteria. Its main characteristics include chronic inflammation of the bone, accompanied by bone destruction and new bone formation. Bone cancer, on the other hand, is a malignant tumor originating from the bone itself and includes various types such as osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma.

Patients with chronic osteomyelitis may have an increased risk of developing cancer. This is mainly because chronic osteomyelitis may cause persistent activation of the immune system, which, in fighting infections, could mistakenly damage normal cells and increase the risk of genetic mutations. Additionally, reduced immunity and impaired repair capacity in patients with chronic osteomyelitis may allow other carcinogenic factors to more easily induce cancer.

Timely and effective treatment to control the infection is recommended, as this can prevent long-term inflammatory stimulation. Regular follow-up and monitoring are also essential, as they help detect any potential pathological changes at an early stage for prompt management, thereby reducing the risk of complications and safeguarding the patient's health and quality of life.