To Operate or Not to Operate: The Truth About Fractures

Whether a fracture requires surgery mainly depends on the type, location, degree of displacement, and the impact on the patient's function. Not all fractures require surgical treatment; many mild or stable fractures can heal through conservative treatments such as cast immobilization or bracing.

1. Mild fractures: If the fracture is a linear fracture with minimal displacement, the fracture ends are well aligned, and there is no significant bone deformity, surgery usually is not required. These fractures can typically be treated with manual reduction and, if necessary, external fixation using a cast or splint.

2. Severe fracture displacement: If the alignment and positioning of the fractured ends are poor, affecting limb function or appearance, surgery may be needed to realign and fix the fracture.

3. Open fractures: In these cases, the fractured bone penetrates the skin. This type of fracture carries a high risk of infection and typically requires urgent surgical debridement and fixation.

4. Intra-articular fractures: Fractures that occur within a joint surface require precise reduction. Improper alignment can lead to joint irregularities and potentially long-term arthritis, so surgery is usually necessary.

5. Multiple or complex fractures: If there are multiple fractures in the same limb or in different areas of the body, surgery may be required.