What are the causes of alopecia areata?

Alopecia areata, medically referred to as "circular hair loss" or "patchy hair loss," is a common autoimmune disease. The exact cause of alopecia areata is not yet fully understood, and its development may be related to the following factors:

1. Genetic factors: If someone in the family has alopecia areata, the risk of developing the condition increases for offspring, with hereditary factors contributing to approximately 25% of cases.

2. Autoimmune reaction: The patient's immune system mistakenly attacks their own hair follicles, causing damage and preventing normal hair growth. This autoimmune response may be associated with various factors, including genetics and environment.

3. Psychological stress: Prolonged mental tension, anxiety, or stress from significant life events may trigger or worsen symptoms of alopecia areata.

4. Environmental factors: Certain chemicals, medications (such as chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer), or exposure to radiation may also act as triggers for alopecia areata.

5. Nutritional deficiencies: A lack of nutrients such as vitamin D, iron, and protein may affect hair health and indirectly contribute to the onset of alopecia areata.

In addition, hair follicle infections such as bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, as well as certain medications like antiepileptic drugs and immunosuppressants, may also lead to the development of alopecia areata. If you have concerns, please consult a relevant healthcare professional.