Normal Values for the Three Diabetes Tests

The three main diabetes-related tests primarily refer to measurements of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin or C-peptide. Blood glucose includes fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose. The normal range for fasting blood glucose is 3.89-6.11 mmol/L, while the 2-hour postprandial blood glucose should be less than 7.8 mmol/L.

The normal range for glycated hemoglobin is 4%-6%. It serves as a reliable indicator reflecting blood glucose control over the past two to three months. Insulin or C-peptide: insulin is a hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells, while C-peptide is a byproduct of insulin synthesis. Measuring both can help assess the function of pancreatic beta cells.

Under normal circumstances, insulin and C-peptide levels are low during fasting and increase after eating. The normal ranges of these three indicators provide a basis for assessing diabetes risk. When these indicators fall outside the normal range, further testing may be necessary to confirm whether diabetes is present, and appropriate treatment measures should be taken. Consultation with a physician is also essential when necessary.