Is low blood potassium (hypokalemia) life-threatening?

Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disorder generally defined as a serum potassium concentration below the normal range, typically less than 3.5 mmol/L. Potassium is an essential cation for maintaining normal cellular physiological functions in the body and is important for the proper functioning of the cardiac muscle, neuromuscular system, and digestive system. When blood potassium levels become too low, a variety of symptoms may develop, including muscle weakness. In severe cases, hypokalemia can be life-threatening. Particularly, its effects on the heart may lead to arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation, which can result in cardiac arrest and endanger life. In addition, hypokalemia may cause muscle weakness, paralysis, and even respiratory muscle paralysis, leading to respiratory distress. Prolonged hypokalemia may also cause kidney dysfunction.

Therefore, once hypokalemia is detected, the underlying cause should be promptly identified and treatment initiated under medical supervision to avoid hidden life-threatening risks. Treatment options include oral or intravenous potassium supplementation and management of the underlying condition.