What causes a burning sensation in the stomach?

Gastric burning sensation may be caused by improper diet, gastric acid reflux, bad habits, drug irritation, digestive system diseases, and other factors.

Gastric burning sensation, commonly referred to as heartburn or epigastric burning, is a common digestive discomfort symptom, mainly characterized by a burning sensation from the lower chest up to the throat. Acid reflux is the most common cause; when acidic stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, they irritate the esophageal mucosa, causing a burning sensation. This condition is commonly seen in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Consumption of spicy or irritating foods, such as chili peppers, onions, or excessive alcohol intake, can directly stimulate the gastric mucosa, leading to increased gastric acid secretion and subsequent burning sensation. Long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, and vigorous physical activity immediately after meals may also lead to gastric content reflux and cause a burning sensation.

Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin, may damage the gastric mucosa and result in a gastric burning sensation. Digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcers and chronic gastritis can also lead to this symptom. When the gastric mucosa is damaged and ulcers form, irritation from food can cause a burning sensation. Long-term irritation of the gastric mucosa, such as from Helicobacter pylori infection, can lead to increased gastric acid secretion and a burning sensation.

It is recommended to improve dietary habits, avoid irritating foods and overeating, maintain healthy lifestyle practices, and seek medical attention when necessary for diagnosis and treatment.