Symptoms and Treatment of Roseola in Infants
Disease description:
My son suddenly developed a high fever yesterday, along with many red rashes. After examination, it was suggested that it might be infantile exanthem (roseola). I would like to know, what are the symptoms and treatment options for infantile exanthem?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Zhou Xiaofeng
Exanthema subitum is a common acute febrile rash disease in infants and young children, occurring mostly in children under 2 years of age.
The symptoms usually present as a sudden high fever, with body temperature reaching 39-40°C. The fever generally lasts for 3-5 days, followed by a sudden drop in temperature. Concurrently or shortly thereafter, scattered rose-colored maculopapular rashes appear on the skin. These rashes are 2-5 mm in diameter, blanch upon pressure, and rarely coalesce.
The rash first appears on the neck and trunk, then spreads to the face and extremities. The rash typically fades within 1-2 days without pigmentation or desquamation. During the febrile period, the child may experience mild symptoms such as runny nose, cough, and poor appetite. Some children may develop convulsions.
Exanthema subitum is a self-limiting disease, and treatment mainly focuses on symptomatic management. Fever can be managed according to body temperature. If the temperature exceeds 38.5°C, antipyretics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be administered under medical guidance. It is important to ensure the child rests adequately and maintains sufficient hydration to prevent dehydration caused by fever. The diet should be light and easily digestible.
Antibiotics are generally not required. With proper care, the disease usually resolves on its own. However, if the child exhibits abnormal conditions such as lethargy, persistent crying, or frequent vomiting, prompt medical attention should be sought.
