What causes vomiting and diarrhea?

Vomiting and diarrhea are mainly caused by acute gastroenteritis, food poisoning, or infections. Consuming contaminated food leads to bacterial growth, causing inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa due to toxin irritation. Viruses can also disrupt intestinal function through contaminated water sources or contact transmission. Overeating, consuming excessive cold or raw foods, parasitic infections, or adverse drug reactions may similarly cause such symptoms. Severe symptoms accompanied by dehydration and electrolyte imbalance require attention due to the risk of shock.

Immediate medical attention is needed upon experiencing persistent vomiting and diarrhea, including blood tests and routine stool examinations to identify the underlying cause and guide targeted treatment. During this period, stop eating for 6–8 hours to allow the digestive tract to rest, and sip small amounts of light salt water or oral rehydration salts to prevent dehydration. Fever exceeding 38.5°C may be treated with fever-reducing medication, while antiemetic or antidiarrheal drugs should not be used without medical advice to avoid delaying treatment. Utensils should be properly disinfected, and hands should be thoroughly washed with soap after handling excretions. Gradually restore gastrointestinal function by consuming bland, liquid foods. Emergency medical care should be sought if symptoms persist beyond two days or if warning signs such as confusion or reduced urine output appear.